118 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
118 lines
5.3 KiB
Markdown
## Documentary: How 8 Fruits Were Bred To Be Perfect
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Information taken from [this video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gK6-mv-mksw)
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##### Apples
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- Cost 500 million
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- Started in the 90s (farmers had lost >700 mil), old apple was being criticised
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- 100,000 acres of red delicious trees
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- Apples need to last 12 months being tasty to survive being stored
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- Cosmic crisp parents are honey crisp and enterprise for crispness and storage
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- Took thousands of trials and errors, planted 10,000 trees (only used 1)
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- Used iodine to test when it was best to harvest
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- 12000 acres of trees for cosmic crisp
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- 10.5 million have gone into marketing the apple, it has its own commercial
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##### Ruby Roman Grapes
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- Largest red grape
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- Japanese culture, fruits are considered a luxury and gift item, wont be sold if they have any blemishes or wrong size
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- Induvial test each grapes colour, size and sugar percentage (<18%)
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- "Premium" is 1 in 1000 sold, none qualified in 2019 and 2020
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- Very sweet and juicy
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- Harvesting starts in July
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- Grown in greenhouses, each grape is monitored
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- Grape thinning devices are used
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- Controls the amount of light so the colour is perfect via adding/removing leaves using a propriety phone app
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- Temperature over 30 degrees make it white not red
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- 25000 bunches up for sale in 2020, started being sold in 2008
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- Started being developed in1995 for a new large red grape
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##### Miyazaki Mangoes
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- "Egg of the sun"
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- Farmed in Japan and auctioned off
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- From the Irwin mango variety, turn red when ripe
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- Very common, grown in other parts of the world
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- Expensive due to the amount of care it receives
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- Bees are rented during the flowering season for pollination - bigger mangoes
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- Fruits that aren't pollenated are removed
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- Only ones that are in good shape, visibly contain pits and in good position are sold
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- Temperature is kept at a constant, the room is ventilated, dehumidified
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- Mangoes protected from gravity
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- Sun makes them red, poor colour = lower sugar content
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- If a mango falls into shade it is hung up
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- Light reflectors (made out of milk cartons) are attached to the mango so it receives more light, also means more balanced
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- First inspection is done by human eye to make sure they are the correct shade of red
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- Sorted by sugar content (above 15%) and size (more than 350 grams and 2L in size standard)
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- Only 10% of mangoes become taiyo no tomago
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- Most expensive sell for 500,000 yen or 2300 GBP
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##### Pitayas
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- Good for 24 hours after harvesting before loosing flavour and texture
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- Type of dragon fruit
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- Grows on organ pipe cacti - can only be grown in Mexico and parts of the US
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- Very colourful and flavourful
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- Harvests in night, early morning using a long stick
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- Only available around 60 days a year
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- Each cacti only gives 60 fruit a year and takes 8 years to grow
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- Made of 85% water
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- Spines are removed by hand before selling, very delicate process
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- Praised for their sweetness
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- Come in 4 different colours: White red purple and yellow
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- Up to triple the price depending on the distance transported
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- Bumpy drives can cause the pitayas to rot
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##### Durian
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- Grown in Thailand (300 varieties)
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- Known for the unpleasant smell but also a sign of respect
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- Refined and sweet pulp with a mild fragrance and creamy texture
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- Lesser grade have a stronger smell and watery texture
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- Grow Indian coral trees and legumes to nurture the soil
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- Fresh water is bought (2200 a year) to water the trees, watered daily
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- Take 6 years for a tree to bear fruit
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- Harvesting season lasts for 90 to 150 days
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- Each durian is protected in a plastic bag
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- Harvested individually
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- Hard to care for the trees with the pollution and climate crisis
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- The older the tree, the tastier the fruit
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##### (Golden) Kiwis
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- Developed through cross breeding different yellow kiwis
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- Smaller and sweeter
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- "Designer" fruit
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- Cant be grown without copyright permission from zespri - 14 million fine
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- Hairless - Easily damaged
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- Gloves are worn to avoid fingernails damaged
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- Before harvesting a sample from the orchard must meet a criteria
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- Takes 5 years for a tree to be ready
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- Pruned and grown on a canopy
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- Golden kiwi orchards produce less per tree than green
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- Every kiwi is inspected to ensure the quality
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- Lasts around 7 days ripe
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##### Bananas
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- Ripen in transport
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- No seeds so can't be planted
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- All genetic copies so very susceptible to diseases
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- Biosecurity is now in place around the farms to stop fungus (cost millions)
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- Cleaned with chlorine to stop insects
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- Thrown into water to wash off the latex on the peel and preserves them
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- Packaging has holes to allow for ripening
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- Fungus goes into the soil, all area needs to be removed
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- Trying to find a new banana to resist the fungus
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- One exists but it is genetically modified (rejected)
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- There are lots of breeds of bananas but there is mainly only one eaten
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##### Buddhas Hand
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- Sold in Vietnam
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- Very little juice, pulp or taste
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- The rind is what is tasty
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- Fragrance is cool and pleasant
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- Used in Vietnamese culture
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- Harvesting all the fruits at once kills the trees as it has water that it doesn't know what to do with
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- Gets rotten easily in the rain
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- Requires lots of attention and care
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- Take 10 years for the tree to bear fruit
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- The more it looks like a hand the more it can be sold for
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- Stays fresh for a long time
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- Insects are very interested to the fruit and can destroy it easily, around 5-7% is destroyed
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- Fingers can get broken off very easily
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