Removed uneeded std::optional uses

main.cpp

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 namespace PB::Renderer
 {
-    void CleanupAllAndExit(int code)
+    void CleanupAllAndExit(const int code)
     {
         if (!GLFWManager::Cleanup())
             std::exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ int main()
         return -1;
 
     /* Runs Vulkan initialisation functions */
-    if (!VulkanManager::InitAll(window))
+    if (!VulkanManager::Init(window))
         CleanupAllAndExit(EXIT_FAILURE);
 
     /* Polls window events whilst it is still open */
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ int main()
     {
         glfwPollEvents();
 
-        if (!VulkanManager::RenderPass(window))
+        if (!VulkanManager::RenderPass())
             CleanupAllAndExit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }
 

src/managers/VulkanManager.h

@@ -6,12 +6,16 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
 {
     struct QueueFamilyIndices
     {
-        std::optional<uint32_t> graphicsFamily = std::nullopt;
+        static constexpr uint32_t UNDEFINED_UINT32_VALUE = 0xFFFFFFFF;
-        std::optional<uint32_t> presentFamily = std::nullopt;
+
+        uint32_t graphicsFamily = UNDEFINED_UINT32_VALUE;
+        uint32_t presentFamily = UNDEFINED_UINT32_VALUE;
 
         [[nodiscard]] bool Complete() const
         {
-            return graphicsFamily && presentFamily;
+            return
+                graphicsFamily != UNDEFINED_UINT32_VALUE &&
+                presentFamily != UNDEFINED_UINT32_VALUE;
         }
     };
 
@@ -25,14 +29,15 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
     class VulkanManager
     {
         public:
+            /* Static class so (de)constructors have been deleted to stop accidental creation */
             VulkanManager() = delete;
             ~VulkanManager() = delete;
 
-            static bool InitAll(GLFWwindow* window);
+            static bool Init(GLFWwindow* window);
-            static std::optional<VkInstance> Init();
             static bool Cleanup();
 
-            static std::optional<VkSurfaceKHR> CreateSurface(GLFWwindow* window);
+            static bool CreateInstance();
+            static bool CreateSurface(GLFWwindow* window);
             static bool PickPhysicalDevice();
             static bool CreateLogicalDevice();
             static bool CreateSwapChain(GLFWwindow* window);
@@ -41,14 +46,14 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
             static bool CreateFramebuffer();
             static bool CreateGraphicsPipeline();
             static bool CreateCommandBuffers();
-            static void CreateSemaphores();
+            static bool CreateSemaphores();
 
-            static bool RenderPass(GLFWwindow* window);
+            static bool RenderPass();
 
         private:
-            static bool IsDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface);
+            static bool IsDeviceSuitable(const VkPhysicalDevice& device);
-            static QueueFamilyIndices FindQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface);
+            static QueueFamilyIndices FindQueueFamilies(const VkPhysicalDevice& device);
-            static bool CheckDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device);
+            static bool CheckDeviceExtensionSupport(const VkPhysicalDevice& device);
 
             static SwapChainSupportDetails QuerySwapChainSupport();
             static VkSurfaceFormatKHR ChooseSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats);
@@ -57,8 +62,8 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
 
             static VkShaderModule CreateShaderModule(const std::string& filename);
 
-            static std::optional<VkInstance> s_Instance;
+            static VkInstance s_Instance;
-            static std::optional<VkSurfaceKHR> s_Surface;
+            static VkSurfaceKHR s_Surface;
 
             static VkPhysicalDevice s_PhysicalDevice;
             static QueueFamilyIndices s_QueueIndices;

src/managers/VulkanManagerInit.cpp

@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@
 
 namespace PB::Renderer
 {
-    std::optional<VkInstance> VulkanManager::s_Instance = std::nullopt;
+    VkInstance VulkanManager::s_Instance = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    std::optional<VkSurfaceKHR> VulkanManager::s_Surface = std::nullopt;
+    VkSurfaceKHR VulkanManager::s_Surface = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 
     VkPhysicalDevice VulkanManager::s_PhysicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
     QueueFamilyIndices VulkanManager::s_QueueIndices;
@@ -14,54 +14,85 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
     VkQueue VulkanManager::s_PresentQueue = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 
     VkSwapchainKHR VulkanManager::s_SwapChain = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    std::vector<VkImage> VulkanManager::s_SwapChainImages = {};
+    std::vector<VkImage> VulkanManager::s_SwapChainImages;
-    std::vector<VkImageView> VulkanManager::s_SwapChainImageViews = {};
+    std::vector<VkImageView> VulkanManager::s_SwapChainImageViews;
     VkFormat VulkanManager::s_SwapChainImageFormat = {};
-    VkExtent2D VulkanManager::s_SwapChainExtent = {};
+    VkExtent2D VulkanManager::s_SwapChainExtent;
 
     VkRenderPass VulkanManager::s_RenderPass = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    std::vector<VkFramebuffer> VulkanManager::s_Framebuffers = {};
+    std::vector<VkFramebuffer> VulkanManager::s_Framebuffers;
 
     VkPipelineLayout VulkanManager::s_PipelineLayout = {};
     VkPipeline VulkanManager::s_RenderPipeline = {};
 
     VkCommandPool VulkanManager::s_CommandPool = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-    std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> VulkanManager::s_CommandBuffers = {};
+    std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> VulkanManager::s_CommandBuffers;
 
     VkSemaphore VulkanManager::s_ImageAvailableSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
     VkSemaphore VulkanManager::s_RenderFinishedSemaphore = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
 
-    bool VulkanManager::InitAll(GLFWwindow* window)
+    bool VulkanManager::Init(GLFWwindow* window)
     {
-        if (const std::optional<VkInstance> instance = VulkanManager::Init(); !instance)
+        return
-            return false;
+            CreateInstance()             &&
+            CreateSurface(window)        &&
+            PickPhysicalDevice()         &&
+            CreateLogicalDevice()        &&
+            CreateSwapChain(window)      &&
+            CreateImageViews()           &&
+            CreateRenderPass()           &&
+            CreateFramebuffer()          &&
+            CreateGraphicsPipeline()     &&
+            CreateCommandBuffers()       &&
+            CreateSemaphores();
+    }
 
-        if (const std::optional<VkSurfaceKHR> surface = VulkanManager::CreateSurface(window); !surface)
+    bool VulkanManager::Cleanup()
-            return false;
+    {
+        if (s_Device != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+            vkDeviceWaitIdle(s_Device);
 
-        if (!(
+        if (s_ImageAvailableSemaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-            VulkanManager::PickPhysicalDevice()         &&
+            vkDestroySemaphore(s_Device, s_ImageAvailableSemaphore, nullptr);
-            VulkanManager::CreateLogicalDevice()        &&
+
-            VulkanManager::CreateSwapChain(window)      &&
+        if (s_RenderFinishedSemaphore != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-            VulkanManager::CreateImageViews()           &&
+            vkDestroySemaphore(s_Device, s_RenderFinishedSemaphore, nullptr);
-            VulkanManager::CreateRenderPass()           &&
+
-            VulkanManager::CreateFramebuffer()          &&
+        if (s_CommandPool != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
-            VulkanManager::CreateGraphicsPipeline()     &&
+            vkDestroyCommandPool(s_Device, s_CommandPool, nullptr);
-            VulkanManager::CreateCommandBuffers()
+
-        )) {
+        for (const VkFramebuffer& fb : s_Framebuffers)
-            return false;
+            vkDestroyFramebuffer(s_Device, fb, nullptr);
-        }
+
+        if (s_RenderPipeline != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+            vkDestroyPipeline(s_Device, s_RenderPipeline, nullptr);
+
+        if (s_PipelineLayout != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+            vkDestroyPipelineLayout(s_Device, s_PipelineLayout, nullptr);
+
+        if (s_RenderPass != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+            vkDestroyRenderPass(s_Device, s_RenderPass, nullptr);
+
+        for (const VkImageView& view : s_SwapChainImageViews)
+            vkDestroyImageView(s_Device, view, nullptr);
+
+        if (s_SwapChain != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+            vkDestroySwapchainKHR(s_Device, s_SwapChain, nullptr);
+
+        if (s_Device != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+            vkDestroyDevice(s_Device, nullptr);
+
+        if (s_Surface != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+            vkDestroySurfaceKHR(s_Instance, s_Surface, nullptr);
+
+        if (s_Instance != VK_NULL_HANDLE)
+            vkDestroyInstance(s_Instance, nullptr);
 
-        VulkanManager::CreateSemaphores();
         return true;
     }
 
-    std::optional<VkInstance> VulkanManager::Init()
+    bool VulkanManager::CreateInstance()
     {
-        /* Stops multi initialisation */
-        if (s_Instance != std::nullopt)
-            return s_Instance;
-
         VkApplicationInfo appInfo;
         appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
         appInfo.pNext = nullptr;
@@ -89,57 +120,30 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS)
         {
             std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::Init(): Could not create Vulkan instance" << std::endl;
-            return std::nullopt;
+            return false;
         }
 
         s_Instance = instance;
-        return instance;
-    }
-
-    bool VulkanManager::Cleanup()
-    {
-        if (s_Surface != std::nullopt)
-            vkDestroySurfaceKHR(s_Instance.value(), s_Surface.value(), nullptr);
-
-        if (s_Instance != std::nullopt)
-            vkDestroyInstance(s_Instance.value(), nullptr);
-
-        s_Instance = std::nullopt;
         return true;
     }
 
-    std::optional<VkSurfaceKHR> VulkanManager::CreateSurface(GLFWwindow* window)
+    bool VulkanManager::CreateSurface(GLFWwindow* window)
     {
-        if (s_Instance == std::nullopt)
-        {
-            std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::CreateSurface(): No Vulkan instance" << std::endl;
-            return std::nullopt;
-        }
-
         VkSurfaceKHR surface;
-        if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(s_Instance.value(), window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(s_Instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS)
         {
             std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::CreateSurface(): Failed to create Vulkan Surface" << std::endl;
-            return std::nullopt;
+            return false;
         }
 
         s_Surface = surface;
-        return surface;
+        return true;
     }
 
     bool VulkanManager::PickPhysicalDevice()
     {
-        if (s_Instance == std::nullopt || s_Surface == std::nullopt)
-        {
-            std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::PickPhysicalDevice(): No Vulkan instance or surface" << std::endl;
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        const VkInstance& instance = s_Instance.value();
-        const VkSurfaceKHR& surface = s_Surface.value();
-
         uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
-        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);
+        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(s_Instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);
         if (deviceCount == 0)
         {
             std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::PickPhysicalDevice(): No GPU with Vulkan support" << std::endl;
@@ -147,14 +151,14 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         }
 
         std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
-        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());
+        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(s_Instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());
 
         for (const auto& device : devices)
         {
-            if (IsDeviceSuitable(device, surface))
+            if (IsDeviceSuitable(device))
             {
                 s_PhysicalDevice = device;
-                s_QueueIndices = FindQueueFamilies(device, surface);
+                s_QueueIndices = FindQueueFamilies(device);
 
                 VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties;
                 vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(device, &deviceProperties);
@@ -169,9 +173,9 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         return false;
     }
 
-    bool VulkanManager::IsDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface)
+    bool VulkanManager::IsDeviceSuitable(const VkPhysicalDevice& device)
     {
-        const QueueFamilyIndices indices = FindQueueFamilies(device, surface);
+        const QueueFamilyIndices indices = FindQueueFamilies(device);
 
         if (const bool extensionsSupported = CheckDeviceExtensionSupport(device); !extensionsSupported)
             return false;
@@ -179,9 +183,9 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
         uint32_t formatCount, presentCount;
 
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &capabilities);
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, s_Surface, &capabilities);
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, s_Surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentCount, nullptr);
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, s_Surface, &presentCount, nullptr);
         const bool swapChainAdequate = formatCount > 0 && presentCount > 0;
 
         VkPhysicalDeviceProperties deviceProperties;
@@ -191,7 +195,7 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         return indices.Complete() && swapChainAdequate && discreteGPU;
     }
 
-    QueueFamilyIndices VulkanManager::FindQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device, VkSurfaceKHR surface)
+    QueueFamilyIndices VulkanManager::FindQueueFamilies(const VkPhysicalDevice& device)
     {
         QueueFamilyIndices indices;
 
@@ -209,7 +213,7 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
             }
 
             VkBool32 presentSupport = false;
-            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, index, surface, &presentSupport);
+            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, index, s_Surface, &presentSupport);
             if (presentSupport)
             {
                 indices.presentFamily = index;
@@ -226,9 +230,9 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         return indices;
     }
 
-    bool VulkanManager::CheckDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device)
+    bool VulkanManager::CheckDeviceExtensionSupport(const VkPhysicalDevice& device)
     {
-        const std::vector<const char*> REQUIRED_EXTENSIONS = {
+        const std::vector REQUIRED_EXTENSIONS = {
             VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME,
         };
 
@@ -244,15 +248,14 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         }
 
         return required.empty();
-
     }
 
     bool VulkanManager::CreateLogicalDevice()
     {
-        std::set<uint32_t> uniqueQueueFamilies =
+        std::set uniqueQueueFamilies =
         {
-            s_QueueIndices.graphicsFamily.value(),
+            s_QueueIndices.graphicsFamily,
-            s_QueueIndices.presentFamily.value()
+            s_QueueIndices.presentFamily
         };
 
         std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;
@@ -270,7 +273,7 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
 
         VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures{};
 
-        const std::vector<const char*> extensions = {
+        const std::vector extensions = {
             VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME
         };
 
@@ -288,8 +291,8 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
             return false;
         }
 
-        vkGetDeviceQueue(s_Device, s_QueueIndices.graphicsFamily.value(), 0, &s_GraphicsQueue);
+        vkGetDeviceQueue(s_Device, s_QueueIndices.graphicsFamily, 0, &s_GraphicsQueue);
-        vkGetDeviceQueue(s_Device, s_QueueIndices.presentFamily.value(), 0, &s_PresentQueue);
+        vkGetDeviceQueue(s_Device, s_QueueIndices.presentFamily, 0, &s_PresentQueue);
 
         return true;
     }
@@ -308,7 +311,7 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
 
         VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo{};
         createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
-        createInfo.surface = s_Surface.value();
+        createInfo.surface = s_Surface;
 
         createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
         createInfo.imageFormat = format;
@@ -319,11 +322,11 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
 
         const uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[] =
         {
-            s_QueueIndices.graphicsFamily.value(),
+            s_QueueIndices.graphicsFamily,
-            s_QueueIndices.presentFamily.value()
+            s_QueueIndices.presentFamily
         };
 
-        if (s_QueueIndices.graphicsFamily.value() != s_QueueIndices.presentFamily.value())
+        if (s_QueueIndices.graphicsFamily != s_QueueIndices.presentFamily)
         {
             createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
             createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
@@ -361,18 +364,17 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
     SwapChainSupportDetails VulkanManager::QuerySwapChainSupport()
     {
         SwapChainSupportDetails details;
-        const VkSurfaceKHR surface = s_Surface.value();
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(s_PhysicalDevice, s_Surface, &details.capabilities);
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(s_PhysicalDevice, surface, &details.capabilities);
 
         uint32_t formatCount;
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(s_PhysicalDevice, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(s_PhysicalDevice, s_Surface, &formatCount, nullptr);
         details.formats.resize(formatCount);
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(s_PhysicalDevice, surface, &formatCount, details.formats.data());
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(s_PhysicalDevice, s_Surface, &formatCount, details.formats.data());
 
         uint32_t presentModeCount;
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(s_PhysicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(s_PhysicalDevice, s_Surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);
         details.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
-        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(s_PhysicalDevice, surface, &presentModeCount, details.presentModes.data());
+        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(s_PhysicalDevice, s_Surface, &presentModeCount, details.presentModes.data());
 
         return details;
     }
@@ -614,7 +616,10 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
 
         if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(s_Device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &s_PipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::CreateGraphicsPipeline(): Could not make pipeline layout" << std::endl;
             return false;
+        }
 
         VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo{};
         pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
@@ -631,7 +636,10 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
 
         if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(s_Device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &s_RenderPipeline) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::CreateGraphicsPipeline(): Could not make graphics pipeline" << std::endl;
             return false;
+        }
 
         vkDestroyShaderModule(s_Device, vertShaderModule, nullptr);
         vkDestroyShaderModule(s_Device, fragShaderModule, nullptr);
@@ -651,7 +659,7 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         const size_t fileSize = file.tellg();
         std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);
         file.seekg(0);
-        file.read(buffer.data(), fileSize);
+        file.read(buffer.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(fileSize));
         file.close();
 
         VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo{};
@@ -673,10 +681,13 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo{};
         poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
         poolInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_RESET_COMMAND_BUFFER_BIT;
-        poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = s_QueueIndices.graphicsFamily.value();
+        poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = s_QueueIndices.graphicsFamily;
 
         if (vkCreateCommandPool(s_Device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &s_CommandPool) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::CreateCommandBuffers(): Could not create command pool" << std::endl;
             return false;
+        }
 
         s_CommandBuffers.resize(s_Framebuffers.size());
 
@@ -686,8 +697,11 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
         allocInfo.commandBufferCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(s_CommandBuffers.size());
 
-        if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(s_Device, &allocInfo, s_CommandBuffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) // <- Crashes here
+        if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(s_Device, &allocInfo, s_CommandBuffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::CreateCommandBuffers(): Could not allocate command buffers" << std::endl;
             return false;
+        }
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < s_CommandBuffers.size(); i++)
         {
@@ -716,18 +730,32 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
             vkCmdEndRenderPass(s_CommandBuffers[i]);
 
             if (vkEndCommandBuffer(s_CommandBuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS)
+            {
+                std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::CreateCommandBuffers(): Could not end command buffer" << std::endl;
                 return false;
+            }
         }
 
         return true;
     }
 
-    void VulkanManager::CreateSemaphores()
+    bool VulkanManager::CreateSemaphores()
     {
         VkSemaphoreCreateInfo createInfo{};
         createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;
 
-        vkCreateSemaphore(s_Device, &createInfo, nullptr, &s_ImageAvailableSemaphore);
+        if (vkCreateSemaphore(s_Device, &createInfo, nullptr, &s_ImageAvailableSemaphore) != VK_SUCCESS)
-        vkCreateSemaphore(s_Device, &createInfo, nullptr, &s_RenderFinishedSemaphore);
+        {
+            std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::CreateSemaphores(): Could not create semaphore" << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (vkCreateSemaphore(s_Device, &createInfo, nullptr, &s_RenderFinishedSemaphore) != VK_SUCCESS)
+        {
+            std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::CreateSemaphores(): Could not create semaphore" << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
     }
 }

src/managers/VulkanManagerRender.cpp

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 namespace PB::Renderer
 {
-    bool VulkanManager::RenderPass(GLFWwindow* window)
+    bool VulkanManager::RenderPass()
     {
         uint32_t imageIndex;
         VkResult result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(
@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{};
         submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
 
-        VkSemaphore waitSemaphores[] = { s_ImageAvailableSemaphore };
+        const VkSemaphore waitSemaphores[] = { s_ImageAvailableSemaphore };
-        VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT };
+        constexpr VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = { VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT };
         submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
         submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = waitSemaphores;
         submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStages;
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
         submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &s_CommandBuffers[imageIndex];
 
-        VkSemaphore signalSemaphores[] = { s_RenderFinishedSemaphore };
+        const VkSemaphore signalSemaphores[] = { s_RenderFinishedSemaphore };
         submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
         submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores;
 
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
         presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
         presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = signalSemaphores;
 
-        VkSwapchainKHR swapChains[] = { s_SwapChain };
+        const VkSwapchainKHR swapChains[] = { s_SwapChain };
         presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
         presentInfo.pSwapchains = swapChains;
         presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ namespace PB::Renderer
             return false;
         }
 
-        else if (result != VK_SUCCESS)
+        if (result != VK_SUCCESS)
         {
             std::cout << "PB::Renderer::VulkanManager::RenderPass(): Failed to present swap chain image!" << std::endl;
             return false;